The Silk Road was established before the birth of Jesus. By the Asakusa era, 538 to 710 AD, Japan was a part of this trade network. It received outsiders from Korea.
By 710 to 794 AD, known as the Nara era, the Silk Road had a maritime route which put in to the port of Osaka, Japan. Goods were delivered to the nearby Japanese capital of Nara, the final destination. (UNESCO) Traders to Osaka usually came from nearby China and Korea.
Sent by their government, Japanese individuals also visited China. (Doug Fuqua, “The Japanese missions to Tang China and maritime exchange in East Asia,” 7th-9th centuries,” The Japan Society, 2004.)
It is very probable that the Japanese were aware of the Christian faith. A Chinese Gospel of Matthew was located in Mogao Cave number 17 in China, together with literature from other religions from the Tang Dynasty period (618 to 907 AD).
Dr. Samuel Lee has studied the Japanese language. He maintains that approximately 300 words of Japanese are very similar to Hebrew and Aramaic. (Dr. Samuel Lee, Rediscovering Japan, Rediscovering Christendom: Two-Thousand Years of Christian History in Japan, Langham: University Press of America, 2010.)
Hebrew is the language of the Bible’s Old Testament. Aramaic was the vernacular of the Jews during the time of Jesus on earth. The Church of the East uses a form of Aramaic known as Syriac in its liturgy. Their missionaries traveled from Persia with the Gospel in Syriac, which was given to the Chinese in their own tongue. (Verification of this exists upon the Xi’an Stele.)
The linguistic evidence of the inclusion of Hebrew and Aramaic words in the Japanese language, demonstrates that it is highly probable that the Church of the East reached Japan via China where they were welcomed and built monasteries and Christian communities.
This was the first wave of the Gospel to reach Japan. Christians in Japan at this time were members of the early church. Japanese is an early church language.
In the 1540s, Catholic missionaries arrived in Japan where they were welcomed. With them came a Japanese Christian from abroad.
In 1550, Francis Xavier, a Spanish Jesuit missionary, went to speak with the “daimyo” or ruling feudal lord. Once again, he was welcomed. Christianity and conversion to the faith were allowed. Hundreds came to know the Lord. (Jesuits)
This included members of the aristocracy, such as, Omura Sumitada.
But the tide was turning for believers. In 1597 AD, in the Christian city of Nagasaki, foreign Franciscan priests and Japanese members of the church were martyred by crucifixion. (Cristina Osswald, “On Christian Martyrdom in Japan,” Macau Polytechnic Institute, China, 2021.)
The youngest martyr was a 12-year-old boy.
In 1603, the Tokugawa Shogunate was the military power in Japan. Moving against Christianity by 1610, the faith was banned and foreign missionaries with it. The Japanese church went underground. Martyrdom in Japan continued.
Japan’s hidden Christians became known as Kakure Kirishitan. Churches and crosses were eliminated. Religious and biblical words were morphed and encrypted.
Prayers began to sound like chants of the local religion; however, they retained the untranslated words of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin that had been learned from the foreign priests. With the end of access to the Gospel, this oral practice and Christian traditions have been handed on from generation to generation through families of the Kakure Kirishitan. (Amano Hisaki, “The Hidden Christians of Ikitsukishima: Japanese Islanders Who Kept the Faith,” Nippon, 2024)
Even the rite of baptism was kept.
This was the second wave of the Gospel to take root in Japan.
In 1865, the Catholic Church opened a house of worship in Nagasaki. 20,000 Japanese Christians came. (Britannica)
In 1868, the Meiji emperor returned the rights of Christian Japanese. Also at this time, Orthodox and Protestant churches sent their own missionaries to Japan.
This was the third wave of the Gospel to Japan.
God loves the Japanese, just as He loves all people. (John 3:16) His love keeps sending those with the light and the truth to all who would believe.
The Apostle Paul wrote to the Corinthian Church:
“I planted the seed, Apollos watered it, but God has been making it grow. 7 So neither the one who plants nor the one who waters is anything, but only God, who makes things grow. 8 The one who plants and the one who waters have one purpose, and they will each be rewarded according to their own labor. 9 For we are co-workers in God’s service; you are God’s field, God’s building.” (1Corinthians 3:6-9)
Each wave of the Gospel to Japan was seeds planted and watered. No matter the branch of the church it arrived with, the wave had one purpose—to speak the Words of of Scripture, “I AM JESUS.”
During periods of Christian suppression, written documents, such as the Gospels and prayers are often destroyed. The Scriptures carry the knowledge of the truth and light of Jesus. They are freedom. They are the Sword of the Spirit. Literacy, education and the Gospel are fundamentally important.
The Word of God was hidden within the hearts of the Japanese from the first wave. Those words stuck firmly in the language.
The Word of God was hidden within the hearts of the Japanese from the second wave, being chanted and prayed in a hidden way.
It is God who gave the growth.
Modern Japanese believers also suffered persecution during World War II. The government still believed that believers were aligned with the West, as during the time of the Jesuit and Franciscan missionary efforts. Some Christians went into hiding. Some of the Kakure Kirishitan remained in hiding.
The Word of God was hidden within the hearts of the Japanese from the third wave, helping them prepare for further persecution during modern days. (Psalm 119:11)
Yes, the West sent missionaries to Japan. But Jesus came out of the Middle East. The first missionaries to Japan, based upon linguistic evidence, were highly likely from Persia’s Church of the East and the Chinese Church of the East.
The Japanese faith today is yet a minority, but they too are mission-oriented, reaching out to their own people. (Kelly Jadon, “Hallelujah Community Church: What God Did,” 2020.) These Japanese believers in Jesus, no matter the denomination of the church, are the spiritual and physical descendants of the early church, the Kakure Kirishitan, the martyrs of Jesus and the persecuted.
To honor the Lord and the witness of the Japanese Church for Jesus for perhaps close to 2,000 years, I have embroidered わたしがイエスです meaning “I AM JESUS” from John 18:5 into this artwork titled “I AM.”
Listen to the Lord’s prayer in Japanese: